IOTA RPC
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Checkout our experimental GraphQL for IOTA RPC as an alternative option.
IOTAJSON is a JSON-based format with restrictions that allow IOTA to align JSON inputs more closely with Move call arguments.
This table shows the restrictions placed on JSON types to make them IOTAJSON compatible:
| JSON | IOTAJSON Restrictions | Move Type Mapping |
|---|---|---|
| Number | Must be unsigned integer | u8, u6, u32, u64 (encoded as String), u128 (encoded as String), u256 (encoded as String) |
| String | No restrictions | Vector<u8>, Address, ObjectID, TypeTag, Identifier, Unsigned integer (256 bit max) |
| Boolean | No restrictions | Bool |
| Array | Must be homogeneous JSON and of IOTAJSON type | Vector |
| Null | Not allowed | N/A |
| Object | Not allowed | N/A |
Type coercion reasoning
Due to the loosely typed nature of JSON/IOTAJSON and the strongly typed nature of Move types, you sometimes need to overload IOTAJSON types to represent multiple Move types.
For example IOTAJSON::Number can represent both u8 and u32. This means you have to coerce and sometimes convert types.
Which type you coerce depends on the expected Move type. For example, if the Move function expects a u8, you must have received a IOTAJSON::Number with a value less than 256. More importantly, you have no way to easily express Move addresses in JSON, so you encode them as hex strings prefixed by 0x.
Additionally, Move supports u128 and u256 but JSON doesn't. As a result IOTA allows encoding numbers as strings.
Type coercion rules
| Move Type | IOTAJSON Representations | Valid Examples | Invalid Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bool | Bool | true, false | |
| u8 | Supports 3 formats: Unsigned number < 256. Decimal string with value < 256. One byte hex string prefixed with 0x. | 7 "70" "0x43" | -5: negative not allowed 3.9: float not allowed NaN: not allowed 300: U8 must be less than 256 " 9": Spaces not allowed in string "9A": Hex num must be prefixed with 0x "0x09CD": Too large for U8 |
| u16 | Three formats are supported Unsigned number < 65536. Decimal string with value < 65536. Two byte hex string prefixed with 0x. | 712 "570" "0x423" | -5: negative not allowed 3.9: float not allowed NaN: not allowed 98342300: U16 must be less than 65536 " 19": Spaces not allowed in string "9EA": Hex num must be prefixed with 0x "0x049C1D": Too large for U16 |
| u32 | Three formats are supported Unsigned number < 4294967296. Decimal string with value < 4294967296. One byte hex string prefixed with 0x. | 9823247 "987120" "0x4BADE93" | -5: negative not allowed 3.9: float not allowed NaN: not allowed 123456789123456: U32 must be less than 4294967296 " 9": Spaces not allowed in string "9A": Hex num must be prefixed with 0x "0x3FF1FF9FFDEFF": Too large for U32 |
| u64 | Supports two formats Decimal string with value < U64::MAX. Up to 8 byte hex string prefixed with 0x. | "747944370" "0x2B1A39A15E" | 123434: Although this is a valid U64 number, it must be encoded as a string |
| u128 | Two formats are supported Decimal string with value < U128::MAX. Up to 16 byte hex string prefixed with 0x. | "74794734937420002470" "0x2B1A39A1514E1D8A7CE" | 34: Although this is a valid U128 number, it must be encoded as a string |
| u256 | Two formats are supported Decimal string with value < U256::MAX. Up to 32 byte hex string prefixed with 0x. | "747947349374200024707479473493742000247" "0x2B1762FECADA39753FCAB2A1514E1D8A7CE" | 123434: Although this is a valid U256 number, it must be encoded as a string 0xbc33e6e4818f9f2ef77d020b35c24be738213e64d9e58839ee7b4222029610de |
| Address | 32 byte hex string prefixed with 0x | "0xbc33e6e4818f9f2ef77d020b35c24be738213e64d9e58839ee7b4222029610de" | 0xbc33: string too short bc33e6e4818f9f2ef77d020b35c24be738213e64d9e58839ee7b4222029610de: missing 0x prefix 0xG2B1A39A1514E1D8A7CE45919CFEB4FEE70B4E01: invalid hex char G |
| ObjectID | 32 byte hex string prefixed with 0x | "0x1b879f00b03357c95a908b7fb568712f5be862c5cb0a5894f62d06e9098de6dc" | Similar to above |
| Identifier | Typically used for module and function names. Encoded as one of the following: A String whose first character is a letter and the remaining characters are letters, digits or underscore. A String whose first character is an underscore, and there is at least one further letter, digit or underscore | "function", "_function", "some_name", "____some_name", "Another" | "_": missing trailing underscore, digit or letter, "8name": cannot start with digit, ".function": cannot start with period, " ": cannot be empty space, "func name": cannot have spaces |
Vector<Move Type> | Homogeneous vector of aforementioned types including nested vectors of primitive types (only "flat" vectors of ObjectIDs are allowed) | [1,2,3,4]: simple U8 vector [[3,600],[],[0,7,4]]: nested U32 vector ["0x2B1A39A1514E1D8A7CE45919CFEB4FEE", "0x2B1A39A1514E1D8A7CE45919CFEB4FEF"]: ObjectID vector | [1,2,3,false]: not homogeneous JSON [1,2,null,4]: invalid elements [1,2,"7"]: although IOTA allows encoding numbers as strings meaning this array can evaluate to [1,2,7], the array is still ambiguous so it fails the homogeneity check. |
Vector<u8> | For convenience, IOTA allows: U8 vectors represented as UTF-8 (and ASCII) strings. | "√®ˆbo72 √∂†∆˚–œ∑π2ie": UTF-8 "abcdE738-2 _=?": ASCII |
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