IOTA Client CLI
The IOTA CLI client command provides command-level access to interact with the IOTA network. Typical uses for iota client include publishing Move smart contracts, getting the information of an object, executing transactions, or managing addresses.
Check IOTA CLI installation
Before you can use the IOTA CLI, you must install it. To check if the CLI exists on your system, open a terminal or console and type the following command:
iota --version
If the terminal or console responds with a version number, you already have the IOTA CLI installed.
If the command is not found, follow the instructions in Install IOTA to get the IOTA CLI on your system.
Commands
The following list itemizes all the available subcommands for the iota client command.
Usage: iota client [OPTIONS] [COMMAND]
Commands:
active-address Default address used for commands when none specified
active-env Default environment used for commands when none specified
addresses Obtain the Addresses managed by the client
balance List the coin balance of an address
call Call Move function
chain-identifier Query the chain identifier from the rpc endpoint
dynamic-field Query a dynamic field by its address
envs List all IOTA environments
execute-signed-tx Execute a Signed Transaction. This is useful when the user prefers to sign elsewhere and use this command to execute
execute-combined-signed-tx Execute a combined serialized SenderSignedData string
faucet Request gas coin from faucet. By default, it will use the active address and the active network
gas Obtain all gas objects owned by the address. An address' alias can be used instead of the address
merge-coin Merge two coin objects into one coin
new-address Generate new address and keypair with keypair scheme flag {ed25519 | secp256k1 | secp256r1} with optional derivation path, default to m/44'/4218'/0'/0'/0' for ed25519 or m/54'/4218'/0'/0/0
for secp256k1 or m/74'/4218'/0'/0/0 for secp256r1. Word length can be { word12 | word15 | word18 | word21 | word24} default to word12 if not specified
new-env Add new IOTA environment
object Get object info
objects Obtain all objects owned by the address. It also accepts an address by its alias
pay Pay coins to recipients following specified amounts, with input coins. Length of recipients must be the same as that of amounts
pay-all-iota Pay all residual IOTA coins to the recipient with input coins, after deducting the gas cost. The input coins also include the coin for gas payment, so no extra gas coin is required
pay-iota Pay IOTA coins to recipients following following specified amounts, with input coins. Length of recipients must be the same as that of amounts. The input coins also include the coin for
gas payment, so no extra gas coin is required
ptb Run a PTB either from file or from the provided args
publish Publish Move modules
split-coin Split a coin object into multiple coins
switch Switch active address and network(e.g., devnet, local rpc server)
tx-block Get a transaction block with the effects, events and object changes of its execution
transfer Transfer object
transfer-iota Transfer IOTA, and pay gas with the same IOTA coin object. If amount is specified, only the amount is transferred; otherwise the entire object is transferred
upgrade Upgrade Move modules
verify-bytecode-meter Run the bytecode verifier on the package
verify-source Verify local Move packages against on-chain packages, and optionally their dependencies
profile-transaction Profile the gas usage of a transaction. Unless an output filepath is not specified, outputs a file `gas_profile_{tx_digest}_{unix_timestamp}.json` which can be opened in a flamegraph tool
such as speedscope
replay-transaction Replay a given transaction to view transaction effects. Set environment variable MOVE_VM_STEP=1 to debug
replay-batch Replay transactions listed in a file
replay-checkpoint Replay all transactions in a range of checkpoints
help Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
Options:
--client.config <CONFIG> Sets the file storing the state of our user accounts (an empty one will be created if missing)
--json Return command outputs in json format
-y, --yes
-h, --help Print help
JSON output
Append the --json flag to commands to format responses in JSON instead of the more human-friendly default IOTA CLI output. This can be useful for extremely large datasets, for example, as those results can have a troublesome display on smaller screens. In these cases, the --json flag is useful.
Examples
The following examples demonstrate some of the most often used commands.
List available network environments
Use the iota client envs command to find the network environments set up in the CLI. The information for these environments is also stored in the client.yaml file in the IOTA configuration directory (~/.iota/iota_config).
╭────────┬─────────────────────────────────────┬────────╮
│ alias │ url │ active │
├────────┼─────────────────────────────────────┼────────┤
│ devnet │ https://api.devnet.iota.cafe:443 │ * │
╰────────┴─────────────────────────────────────┴────────╯
Create network environment
Use client new-env to add details for a new network environment. This example creates an environment pointer to IOTA Mainnet. Setting the alias value makes referencing the environment less prone to typographical errors. After running this command, IOTA updates your client.yaml file in ~/.iota/iota_config with the new information.
$ iota client new-env --alias=testnet --rpc https://api.testnet.iota.cafe:443
Added new IOTA env [testnet] to config.
Set current environment
Use the iota client switch command to change the current network. This example switches the current network to mainnet.
$ iota client switch --env testnet
Active environment switched to [testnet]
If you run iota client envs after this command, you see the asterisk in the active column on the mainnet row of the table.
Get current active address
Use the iota client active-address command to reveal the current address. The CLI uses the current active address to execute address-specific CLI commands (like iota client objects) when you don't provide them with a IOTA address value.
iota client active-address
0x514692f08249c3e9951234ce29074695840422564bff85e424b56de462913e0d
Request a IOTA coin from faucet
If you use one of the standard public RPCs (for example, api.testnet.iota.cafe:443), you can use the faucet command to request gas coins. If you use a custom faucet service, then pass in the URL to the faucet using the --url option.
iota client faucet
Request successful. It can take up to 1 minute to get the coin. Run iota client gas to check your gas coins.
Get objects owned by an address
Use iota client objects to list summary information about the objects the current active address owns. You can provide a IOTA address value to the command to list objects for a particular address. This example lists objects for the current active address.
$ iota client objects 0x36df11369cf00ecf0be68d6ba965b0abe2e883bc5245911e3a29ebfa0aaf6b69
╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
| ╭────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────── ────────────────────────────╮ │
│ │ objectId │ 0xfffbb30ccb631f15f6cd36700589fc9c31cb04af28a95f3ed26d62daf3acb57f │ │
│ │ version │ 33363559 │ │
│ │ digest │ IY7/qsIJhliQL0uxwSzNYu0SMcn5AMsqQklSGngn1V0= │ │
│ │ objectType │ 0x0000..0002::coin::Coin │ │
│ ╰────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ │
│ ╭────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ │
│ │ objectId │ 0xfffe59fb6f78b1ced7f6537e69a205cc45d105270857bfd66332f9a627a38ae0 │ │
│ │ version │ 33370864 │ │
│ │ digest │ b+tKChvujbCk/UCm8L+lflyb6Vjt7beB+uz6+ahUHmM= │ │
│ │ objectType │ 0x0000..0002::coin::Coin │ │
│ ╰────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Get complete object information
Use iota client object <OBJECT-ID> to list object information for the ID you provide. This example displays the information for a Coin object.
$ iota client object 0xfffbb30ccb631f15f6cd36700589fc9c31cb04af28a95f3ed26d62daf3acb57f
╭───────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ objectId │ 0xfffbb30ccb631f15f6cd36700589fc9c31cb04af28a95f3ed26d62daf3acb57f │
│ version │ 33363559 │
│ digest │ 3FzvXJVVVcXb9H6dEXdARaY9EmxXyyNFduet3X4eYV4x │
│ objType │ 0x2::coin::Coin<0x2::iota::IOTA> │
│ ownerType │ AddressOwner │
│ prevTx │ ES2RQThjRE5u8rwiUEnhcnMoLA3cHeEGYJ8Pq98tmyAc │
│ storageRebate │ 988000 │
│ content │ ╭───────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ │
│ │ │ dataType │ moveObject │ │
│ │ │ type │ 0x2::coin::Coin<0x2::iota::IOTA> │ │
│ │ │ fields │ ╭─────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ balance │ 530076676 │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ id │ ╭────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ id │ 0xfffbb30ccb631f15f6cd36700589fc9c31cb04af28a95f3ed26d62daf3acb57f │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ╰────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ╰─────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ │ │
│ │ ╰───────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ──────────────╯ │
╰───────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Get dynamic fields of an object
Use the iota client dynamic-field <OBJECT-ID> command to list the dynamic field details of the object with the ID you provide.
$ iota client dynamic-field 0x5
╭─────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ hasNextPage │ false │
│ nextCursor │ 0x5b890eaf2abcfa2ab90b77b8e6f3d5d8609586c3e583baf3dccd5af17edf48d1 │
│ data │ ╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ │
│ │ │ ╭────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ │ │
│ │ │ │ name │ ╭───────┬───────╮ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ type │ u64 │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ value │ 2 │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ╰───────┴───────╯ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ bcsName │ LQM2cdzDY3 │ │ │
│ │ │ │ type │ DynamicField │ │ │
│ │ │ │ objectType │ 0x3::iota_system_state_inner::IOTASystemStateInnerV2 │ │ │
│ │ │ │ objectId │ 0x5b890eaf2abcfa2ab90b77b8e6f3d5d8609586c3e583baf3dccd5af17edf48d1 │ │ │
│ │ │ │ version │ 112 │ │ │
│ │ │ │ digest │ HMrm1KNKjq3GfB1cWTRdvRo8gk7auhgvoZXaVoyEHqUR │ │ │
│ │ │ ╰────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ │ │
│ │ ╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ │
╰─────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Send IOTA or objects
In this example, let's see how to transfer IOTA or transfer an object from one address to another. First of all, there two main commands for sending IOTA or transferring objects: pay and transfer.
Both pay and transfer have a few sister commands: pay-iota, pay-all-iota, transfer-iota.
The differences between these commands are:
- commands that end in
-iotadeal with Iota's native coin, and they use the input coints to pay for gas and for transferring IOTA or the object. pay-commands typically deal with coins and handle (coin merging)[../../developer/iota-101/transactions/ptb/optimizing-gas-with-coin-merging.mdx] for you, whereastransfercommands can handle the transfer of any object that has public transfer, meaning any object that has thestoreability.paycommands allow you to send coins to multiple recipients, whereastransfercommands only accept one recipient.pay-all-iotais a special case ofpay-iotathat offers a way to transfer the entire balance after smashing.transfer-iotais a legacy command and has been entirely superseded bypay-iotaorpay-all-iotadepending on whether an amount is specified or not.
Assume you have two addresses:
╭───────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬────────────────╮
│ alias │ address │ active address │
├───────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────┤
│ hungry-spodumene │ 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea │ * │
│ eloquent-amber │ 0x3d78abc33ccd173c521b4f9e78b21ea2c989960b631732c539efaa38bda30976 │ │
╰───────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────────╯
Address hungry-spodumene has a few coins:
iota client gas hungry-spodumene
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬────────────────────┬──────────────────╮
│ gasCoinId │ mistBalance (MIST) │ iotaBalance (IOTA) │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────┤
│ 0x205972830acd8264a38b9a1776a1b72a1ae626fa23a4d1f12249349ce3b83c06 │ 200000000000 │ 200.00 │
│ 0x56d76420a5bc7d356e3930e6a2ddc61cbbc0c87ea5c5f3cc3ac5952b4d52be5a │ 200000000000 │ 200.00 │
│ 0xc9b447fff18f13fa035e028534b8344d5fc8a8760248fad10155e78f44dc3a52 │ 200000000000 │ 200.00 │
│ 0xe373de9bdbd3dbd4f5f707f144c83af74a181cdb3903a953ee366f48e33865c7 │ 200000000000 │ 200.00 │
│ 0xf7adb6aeb18eb409c03fe88cc31711b61a65333e0fdd88c1815d4ec75f713f31 │ 200000000000 │ 200.00 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────┴──────────────────╯
You want to send 0.5 IOTA to eloquent-amber. Given that you have a few gas coins, you can use pay. If only one gas coin exists, then you need to use transfer-iota or pay-iota, or you would need to split the coin first to have another coin to use for paying gas. In this case, let's use the pay-iota command as you do not need to provide a separate gas coin to be used for the gas fees. In the command below, you set the recipient to be eloquent-amber, which coin to use to transfer IOTA from, and the amount of IOTA to transfer.
iota client pay-iota --recipients eloquent-amber --input-coins 0xc9b447fff18f13fa035e028534b8344d5fc8a8760248fad10155e78f44dc3a52 --amounts 500000000
The result is:
Transaction Digest: AsWkciVhLHeCmqVipjjyAA7Hv5y87pFjHS59K8m4zBJV
╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Transaction Data │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Sender: 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea │
│ Gas Owner: 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea │
│ Gas Budget: 5000000 MIST │
│ Gas Price: 1000 MIST │
│ Gas Payment: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ID: 0xc9b447fff18f13fa035e028534b8344d5fc8a8760248fad10155e78f44dc3a52 │
│ │ Version: 2 │
│ │ Digest: 9MEH7kr1YkBDx7pdUPCDnVb3FtPz9UZVeWmCot5Dhxqr │
│ └── │
│ │
│ Transaction Kind: Programmable │
│ ╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ │
│ │ Input Objects │ │
│ ├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │
│ │ 0 Pure Arg: Type: address, Value: "0x3d78abc33ccd173c521b4f9e78b21ea2c989960b631732c539efaa38bda30976" │ │
│ │ 1 Pure Arg: Type: u64, Value: "500000000" │ │
│ ╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ │
│ ╭──────────────────────╮ │
│ │ Commands │ │
│ ├──────────────────────┤ │
│ │ 0 SplitCoins: │ │
│ │ ┌ │ │
│ │ │ Coin: GasCoin │ │
│ │ │ Amounts: │ │
│ │ │ Input 1 │ │
│ │ └ │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ 1 TransferObjects: │ │
│ │ ┌ │ │
│ │ │ Arguments: │ │
│ │ │ Result 0 │ │
│ │ │ Address: Input 0 │ │
│ │ └ │ │
│ ╰──────────────────────╯ │
│ │
│ Signatures: │
│ eZc/iFO3i4Y8Le92zu9q75jILs+yg0sSXd1yPV9Dta+knH99VfkSCnzNQG1KbXSvY24wexmVtiuU6NkfudbiAQ== │
│ │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭────────────────── ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Transaction Effects │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Digest: AsWkciVhLHeCmqVipjjyAA7Hv5y87pFjHS59K8m4zBJV │
│ Status: Success │
│ Executed Epoch: 0 │
│ │
│ Created Objects: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ID: 0xa031d3f8fd53b5f9885172e1c6bd8b770b25e42371c9ee215c6d4b21b2b73241 │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x3d78abc33ccd173c521b4f9e78b21ea2c989960b631732c539efaa38bda30976 ) │
│ │ Version: 3 │
│ │ Digest: Fq3maqq3pShgKw58Ssm8cS2j1pspfhanedVK2MMxfQWQ │
│ └── │
│ Mutated Objects: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ID: 0xc9b447fff18f13fa035e028534b8344d5fc8a8760248fad10155e78f44dc3a52 │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea ) │
│ │ Version: 3 │
│ │ Digest: GFB9mpxTP4z6CCShTbvD58FYxtu9G4mnxN3JtFeRupM3 │
│ └── │
│ Gas Object: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ID: 0xc9b447fff18f13fa035e028534b8344d5fc8a8760248fad10155e78f44dc3a52 │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea ) │
│ │ Version: 3 │
│ │ Digest: GFB9mpxTP4z6CCShTbvD58FYxtu9G4mnxN3JtFeRupM3 │
│ └── │
│ Gas Cost Summary: │
│ Storage Cost: 1976000 MIST │
│ Computation Cost: 1000000 MIST │
│ Storage Rebate: 978120 MIST │
│ Non-refundable Storage Fee: 9880 MIST │
│ │
│ Transaction Dependencies: │
│ GThyjtRFysBgVppXDc9iduNPzB2bLteXBnJcBEYXz4vG │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─────────────────────────────╮
│ No transaction block events │
╰─────────────────────────────╯
╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Object Changes │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Created Objects: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ObjectID: 0xa031d3f8fd53b5f9885172e1c6bd8b770b25e42371c9ee215c6d4b21b2b73241 │
│ │ Sender: 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x3d78abc33ccd173c521b4f9e78b21ea2c989960b631732c539efaa38bda30976 ) │
│ │ ObjectType: 0x2::coin::Coin<0x2::iota::IOTA> │
│ │ Version: 3 │
│ │ Digest: Fq3maqq3pShgKw58Ssm8cS2j1pspfhanedVK2MMxfQWQ │
│ └── │
│ Mutated Objects: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ObjectID: 0xc9b447fff18f13fa035e028534b8344d5fc8a8760248fad10155e78f44dc3a52 │
│ │ Sender: 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea ) │
│ │ ObjectType: 0x2::coin::Coin<0x2::iota::IOTA> │
│ │ Version: 3 │
│ │ Digest: GFB9mpxTP4z6CCShTbvD58FYxtu9G4mnxN3JtFeRupM3 │
│ └── │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Balance Changes │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ ┌── │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea ) │
│ │ CoinType: 0x2::iota::IOTA │
│ │ Amount: -501997880 │
│ └── │
│ ┌── │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x3d78abc33ccd173c521b4f9e78b21ea2c989960b631732c539efaa38bda30976 ) │
│ │ CoinType: 0x2::iota::IOTA │
│ │ Amount: 500000000 │
│ └── │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Check the gas for the sender and the recipient's coins using iota client gas <address>. The sender now has 199.49 IOTA for that gas coin that was used. 0.5 IOTA was transferred, and the remaining 0.01 IOTA paid the gas fees.
iota client gas
╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───────────┬────────────────────┬──────────────────╮
│ gasCoinId │ mistBalance (MIST) │ iotaBalance (IOTA) │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────┤
│ 0x205972830acd8264a38b9a1776a1b72a1ae626fa23a4d1f12249349ce3b83c06 │ 200000000000 │ 200.00 │
│ 0x56d76420a5bc7d356e3930e6a2ddc61cbbc0c87ea5c5f3cc3ac5952b4d52be5a │ 200000000000 │ 200.00 │
│ 0xc9b447fff18f13fa035e028534b8344d5fc8a8760248fad10155e78f44dc3a52 │ 199498002120 │ 199.49 │
│ 0xe373de9bdbd3dbd4f5f707f144c83af74a181cdb3903a953ee366f48e33865c7 │ 200000000000 │ 200.00 │
│ 0xf7adb6aeb18eb409c03fe88cc31711b61a65333e0fdd88c1815d4ec75f713f31 │ 200000000000 │ 200.00 │
╰───────────────────────────────────── ───────────────────────────────┴────────────────────┴──────────────────╯
iota client gas eloquent-amber
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬────────────────────┬──────────────────╮
│ gasCoinId │ mistBalance (MIST) │ iotaBalance (IOTA) │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────┤
│ 0xa031d3f8fd53b5f9885172e1c6bd8b770b25e42371c9ee215c6d4b21b2b73241 │ 500000000 │ 0.50 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────┴──────────────────╯
If you want to transfer the whole object, you can use iota client pay-all-iota or iota client transfer-iota (without passing the amount):
iota client pay-iota --recipient eloquent-amber --input-coins 0xc9b447fff18f13fa035e028534b8344d5fc8a8760248fad10155e78f44dc3a52
or
iota client transfer-iota --to eloquent-amber --iota-coin-object-id 0xc9b447fff18f13fa035e028534b8344d5fc8a8760248fad10155e78f44dc3a52
Then check the gas for eloquent-amber again:
iota client gas eloquent-amber
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬────────────────────┬──────────────────╮
│ gasCoinId │ mistBalance (MIST) │ iotaBalance (IOTA) │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────┤
│ 0xa031d3f8fd53b5f9885172e1c6bd8b770b25e42371c9ee215c6d4b21b2b73241 │ 500000000 │ 0.50 │
│ 0xc9b447fff18f13fa035e028534b8344d5fc8a8760248fad10155e78f44dc3a52 │ 199496992240 │ 199.49 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────┴──────────────────╯
Replay a transaction
Use the iota client replay-transaction --tx-digest <TRANSACTION-DIGEST> to re-execute a transaction locally and show the transaction effects.
This command will fetch the transaction dependencies from the fullnode specified in the client env. For transactions that happened quite far in
the past, it is advised to set the client fullnode to one that has non-pruned chain data for that transaction.
This will also verify that the resulting effects from the locally executed transaction match the effects of the transaction stored on-chain.
You can add additional flags --gas-info and --ptb-info to this command to see more information about the transaction.
$ iota client replay-transaction --tx-digest 51MzJP2Uesvza8vXGpPCGbfLrY6UCfdvdoErN1z4oXPW
╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Transaction Effects │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Digest: 51MzJP2Uesvza8vXGpPCGbfLrY6UCfdvdoErN1z4oXPW │
│ Status: Success │
│ Executed Epoch: 237 │
│ │
│ Mutated Objects: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ID: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006 │
│ │ Owner: Shared │
│ │ Version: 20303014 │
│ │ Digest: 3FyU88FpFFa2mhDFJWcabwQNdfaVaWvvnbjkfErD6AgJ │
│ └── │
│ │
│ Shared Objects: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ID: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006 │
│ │ Version: 20303013 │
│ │ Digest: 7uGV3aHa9NDAWLX1UUyV1DG7wAuhfFkzSGo514wtco1C │
│ └── │
│ │
│ Gas Object: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ID: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ) │
│ │ Version: 0 │
│ │ Digest: 11111111111111111111111111111111 │
│ └── │
│ │
│ Gas Cost Summary: │
│ Storage Cost: 0 │
│ Computation Cost: 0 │
│ Storage Rebate: 0 │
│ Non-refundable Storage Fee: 0 │
│ │
│ Transaction Dependencies: │
│ EvDLzYeKbrxDNHJomgrr2zwAJ7FJDtb2uNwfbonF2uGK │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Execution finished successfully. Local and on-chain effects match.
Use iota client replay-batch --path <FILEPATH> to replay several transactions listed in a newline-separated file. This
will verify that all transactions local execution results match the effects on-chain.
Profile a transaction
Use the iota client profile-transaction --tx-digest <TRANSACTION-DIGEST> command to re-execute a transaction locally
and produce a gas profile. Similar to the replay command, this command fetches the transaction dependencies from the
Full node specified in the client environment that are needed to execute the transaction. During the local execution of the transaction,
this command records all the Move function invocations and the gas cost breakdown for each invocation.
To enable the profiler, you must either install or build the IOTA Client binary locally with the --features gas-profiler flag.
cargo install --locked --git https://github.com/iotaledger/iota.git --branch <BRANCH-NAME> --features gas-profiler iota
The command outputs a profile to the current working directory in the format gas_profile_{tx_digest}_{unix_timestamp}.json.
You can include the optional flag --profile-output </PATH/OUTPUT.json> to write the profile to /PATH/OUTPUT_{tx_digest}_{unix_timestamp}.json instead.
Use speedscope to inspect the profile.
To install speedscope run
npm install -g speedscope
To open a profile in speedscope run
speedscope <PATH/PROFILE-OUTPUT-FILE>
When looking at the profile in speedscope, there are three different views available from the top left menu: Timer Order, Left Heavy, and Sandwich. In each view, each bar's vertical width corresponds to the percentage of gas consumption incurred by the function, and you can hover your mouse over a bar or click a bar to see the computation units accrued by the function invocation. The transaction's total computation units, along with the storage computation units, are multiplied by the gas price to determine the gas cost of the transaction based on a tier system.
Time Order shows the callstack of function invocations from left to right in the order of invocation, while Left Heavy combines repeated sequences of nested invocations into a single combined call stack. Left Heavy displays these sequences from left to right by total incurred gas consumption per combined call stack. This is useful when there have been hundreds of repeated calls to the same function to quickly observe the total gas consumption over all calls to that function. In both these views, you can click the top section and drag to zoom in and out over different sections of the profile.
Sandwich view shows a list of discrete values that correspond to gas consumption per function, with Total showing gas cost incurred in all the functions called by the function, and Self showing the gas cost done by only the given function.
Observing a transaction's gas consumption provides useful insight of expected gas cost usage of a smart contract. When developing a smart contract, you can run a local network and publish the package to the local network. Then create a transaction that calls your published smart contract, and finally run the profiler on the transaction to see a breakdown of the gas cost.
Publish a Move package
One of the main uses of the iota client command is to publish smart contracts on the IOTA network. This example switches the current environment to the Devnet network, then builds, tests, and publishes one of the existing Move examples available in the IOTA repository: iota/examples/move
This example also makes use of iota move commands. To learn more about those commands, see IOTA Move CLI.
- Open a terminal or console to the root of your local IOTA repository and navigate to the
move_tutorialexample.cd examples/move
cd first_package - Switch to the Devnet network. This command uses an alias, so the
devnetvalue might be different for you, depending on the alias name set in your configuration (useiota client envsfor a list of your defined networks and their aliases).iota client switch --env devnet - Use
iota move buildto build the package. You must run this command at the same level as the package manifest file (Move.toml). The console responds with the status of the build.iota move build
INCLUDING DEPENDENCY IOTA
INCLUDING DEPENDENCY MoveStdlib
BUILDING first_package - Use
iota move testto run the unit tests. The console responds with updates of its progress.iota move test
INCLUDING DEPENDENCY IOTA
INCLUDING DEPENDENCY MoveStdlib
BUILDING first_package
Running Move unit tests
[ PASS ] 0x0::example::test_module_init
[ PASS ] 0x0::example::test_sword_transactions
Test result: OK. Total tests: 2; passed: 2; failed: 0 - Use the
iota client verify-bytecode-meterto check if the module passes the bytecode meter. The console responds with the maximum allowed values, as well as the amount the package uses.$ iota client verify-bytecode-meter
Running bytecode verifier for 1 modules
╭──────────────────────────────────╮
│ Module will pass metering check! │
├────────┬────────────┬────────────┤
│ │ Module │ Function │
│ Max │ 16000000 │ 16000000 │
│ Used │ 4565 │ 4565 │
╰────────┴────────────┴────────────╯ - Use
iota client gasto verify that the active address has a gas coin for paying gas. In the case of this example, the console responds with the information that the address is coinless.$ iota client gas
No gas coins are owned by this address - If you need coins, use
iota client faucet(not available for Mainnet). For more information on getting gas tokens, see Get IOTA Tokens.$ iota client faucet - Use
iota client gasto verify the current active address received the coins.$ iota client gas
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬─────────────╮
│ gasCoinId │ gasBalance │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────┤
│ 0x01b2795ba5800c8f7cb7d7c56abe19e24c656ed6764f3ccc5e66da3de52402a8 │ 10000000000 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────╯ - Use
iota client publishto publish the package, being sure to set an appropriate value for thegas-budgetflag. The console responds with the details of the publish. You can useiota client object <OBJECT-ID>to check the details of any of the objects from the process.$ iota client publish .
Transaction Digest: ABPd7v8BxLkcyHvX8Jt1SbneQRwzE9WzcEoptT2RDNVF
╭─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Transaction Data │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Sender: 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea │
│ Gas Owner: 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea │
│ Gas Budget: 5000000000 NANOS │
│ Gas Price: 1000 NANOS │
│ Gas Payment: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ID: 0x01b2795ba5800c8f7cb7d7c56abe19e24c656ed6764f3ccc5e66da3de52402a8 │
│ │ Version: 2 │
│ │ Digest: GZQwvpxLeTciVboEWeC8EZ2KYYU9o6XoBtW6LrA5Si1h │
│ └── │
│ │
│ Transaction Kind: Programmable │
│ ╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ │
│ │ Input Objects │ │
│ ├────────────── ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │
│ │ 0 Pure Arg: Type: address, Value: "0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea" │ │
│ ╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ │
│ ╭─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ │
│ │ Commands │ │
│ ├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │
│ │ 0 Publish: │ │
│ │ ┌ │ │
│ │ │ Dependencies: │ │
│ │ │ 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 │ │
│ │ │ 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002 │ │
│ │ └ │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ 1 TransferObjects: │ │
│ │ ┌ │ │
│ │ │ Arguments: │ │
│ │ │ Result 0 │ │
│ │ │ Address: Input 0 │ │
│ │ └ │ │
│ ╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ │
│ │
│ Signatures: │
│ x437h/JxDAba2zkx4a2kEfz6iaXQ08T7+inyP5YkbmlSB5K7IYasM6onckjYDB19FNM1ZNqXm1z13VyTmDHXCw== │
│ │
╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───────────────────────────────────╯
╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Transaction Effects │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Digest: ABPd7v8BxLkcyHvX8Jt1SbneQRwzE9WzcEoptT2RDNVF │
│ Status: Success │
│ Executed Epoch: 0 │
│ │
│ Created Objects: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ID: 0x569828cc4e134ccccd7408def18b80af1465ac791fd4ef40483f6b16e2f00d95 │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea ) │
│ │ Version: 3 │
│ │ Digest: 4iD7ZhsFS9iFuszqxBSEL6xZdcnWG76WGgU4D5PH1PeL │
│ └── │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ID: 0xde670ae990c8f20fd53e9f597a0da056bdb634175176602658e9da2c2ec9cb93 │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea ) │
│ │ Version: 3 │
│ │ Digest: AV27tn7ePXhdDyDV9TCkSQZA3mkMei9DV63AmB4DEjGN │
│ └── │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ID: 0xe1d9d66b7a19b27ebda338a52593cd10e728f666f34ecd30a7cc2ad3fed186da │
│ │ Owner: Immutable │
│ │ Version: 1 │
│ │ Digest: 4bzxMQgcSZoKzppNiRtQwAWDBvCgjr18gQi2H8Yk1tQZ │
│ └── │
│ Mutated Objects: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ID: 0x01b2795ba5800c8f7cb7d7c56abe19e24c656ed6764f3ccc5e66da3de52402a8 │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea ) │
│ │ Version: 3 │
│ │ Digest: 46rvdbXkw5qqsBYbUGChzgFatJAYPmarPmFHgRRJiiU9 │
│ └── │
│ Gas Object: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ID: 0x01b2795ba5800c8f7cb7d7c56abe19e24c656ed6764f3ccc5e66da3de52402a8 │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea ) │
│ │ Version: 3 │
│ │ Digest: 46rvdbXkw5qqsBYbUGChzgFatJAYPmarPmFHgRRJiiU9 │
│ └── │
│ Gas Cost Summary: │
│ Storage Cost: 9978800 │
│ Computation Cost: 1000000 │
│ Storage Rebate: 978120 │
│ Non-refundable Storage Fee: 9880 │
│ │
│ Transaction Dependencies: │
│ 891Qjq6qDZ6SzAJiAg3CEaHobXrpDL5bAy2o45ZJPTuB │
│ ESHcS3y3VCuaCVmWkKDx3EXX3icfPtj4bHhk86gaGWdo │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─────────────────────────────╮
│ No transaction block events │
╰─────────────────────────────╯
╭────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Object Changes │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Created Objects: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ObjectID: 0x569828cc4e134ccccd7408def18b80af1465ac791fd4ef40483f6b16e2f00d95 │
│ │ Sender: 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea ) │
│ │ ObjectType: 0xe1d9d66b7a19b27ebda338a52593cd10e728f666f34ecd30a7cc2ad3fed186da::example::Forge │
│ │ Version: 3 │
│ │ Digest: 4iD7ZhsFS9iFuszqxBSEL6xZdcnWG76WGgU4D5PH1PeL │
│ └── │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ObjectID: 0xde670ae990c8f20fd53e9f597a0da056bdb634175176602658e9da2c2ec9cb93 │
│ │ Sender: 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea ) │
│ │ ObjectType: 0x2::package::UpgradeCap │
│ │ Version: 3 │
│ │ Digest: AV27tn7ePXhdDyDV9TCkSQZA3mkMei9DV63AmB4DEjGN │
│ └── │
│ Mutated Objects: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ ObjectID: 0x01b2795ba5800c8f7cb7d7c56abe19e24c656ed6764f3ccc5e66da3de52402a8 │
│ │ Sender: 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea ) │
│ │ ObjectType: 0x2::coin::Coin<0x2::iota::IOTA> │
│ │ Version: 3 │
│ │ Digest: 46rvdbXkw5qqsBYbUGChzgFatJAYPmarPmFHgRRJiiU9 │
│ └── │
│ Published Objects: │
│ ┌── │
│ │ PackageID: 0xe1d9d66b7a19b27ebda338a52593cd10e728f666f34ecd30a7cc2ad3fed186da │
│ │ Version: 1 │
│ │ Digest: 4bzxMQgcSZoKzppNiRtQwAWDBvCgjr18gQi2H8Yk1tQZ │
│ │ Modules: example │
│ └── │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Balance Changes │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ ┌── │
│ │ Owner: Account Address ( 0x0fe375fff0ee40d20c54a7f2478b9b5c7eaa3625b7611f9661ec5faefb4a6fea ) │
│ │ CoinType: 0x2::iota::IOTA │
│ │ Amount: -10000680 │
│ └── │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Help
Each command has its own help section. For example, iota client call --help displays the following prompt:
Call Move function
Usage: iota client call [OPTIONS] --package <PACKAGE> --module <MODULE> --function <FUNCTION>
Options:
--package <PACKAGE> Object ID of the package, which contains the module
--module <MODULE> The name of the module in the package
--function <FUNCTION> Function name in module
--type-args <TYPE_ARGS>... Type arguments to the generic function being called. All must be specified, or the call will fail
--args <ARGS>... Simplified ordered args like in the function syntax ObjectIDs, Addresses must be hex strings
--gas <GAS> ID of the gas object for gas payment, in 20 bytes Hex string If not provided, a gas object with at least gas_budget value will be selected
--gas-budget <GAS_BUDGET> Gas budget for this call
--serialize-unsigned-transaction Instead of executing the transaction, serialize the bcs bytes of the unsigned transaction data (TransactionData) using base64 encoding, and print out
the string <TX_BYTES>. The string can be used to execute transaction with `iota client execute-signed-tx --tx-bytes <TX_BYTES>`.
--serialize-signed-transaction Instead of executing the transaction, serialize the bcs bytes of the signed transaction data (SenderSignedData) using base64 encoding, and print out the
string <SIGNED_TX_BYTES>. The string can be used to execute transaction with `iota client execute-combined-signed-tx --signed-tx-bytes <SIGNED_TX_BYTES>`.
--json Return command outputs in json format
-h, --help Print help